-ubuntu 10.04 - lucid lynx...Gnome is desktop manager. it is the application that actually give user the graphic interface between user and the Linux operating system. There are other desktop managers out there also... Fluxbox, Xfce(for xubuntu), etc.
It is a desktop environment as a GUI for Linux OS. You can imagine Linux without GNOME just like DOS in windows. GNOME are much similar with Windows except they are related to Linux through x server rather than operation system.The graphical user interface in Linux is called the X Windows system. This system uses programs called window Managers to mange the X window system and interact with the users. There are several like gnome, KDE, XFCE, FVWM, IceWM, Enlightenment etc are the Window managers. Each has its own unique look and feel. Gnome and KDE are the most popular ones. Every version of ubuntu and other linux uses one or more window managers, one at a time.
http://www.linux.com/archive/articles/37鈥?/a>
http://xwinman.org/
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